AssayIndex
Cross-section

VIP impurity profile

Every named species the index has reported alongside VIP, how often, at what level, and what its presence implies about the synthesis or the handling. Reporting threshold is 0.05 % area; anything below it is invisible to this page and is silently added to the main peak.

4 recordsmedian 98.22 %spec 97.5 %
Median total impurities 1.78% n=4
Median largest single 0.99% n=4
Worst single observed 1.77% n=4
Named species observed 4 / 4 n=4
Named speciesΔRT (min)Δ mass (Da)Seen inMedian % areaMax % area
Met17 sulfoxide (+16 Da)-0.66+15.995100%0.631.77
C-terminal free acid (+1 Da)+0.28+0.984100%0.380.52
des-His1 (−137 Da)-0.82-137.059100%0.160.34
deamidated (+1 Da)-0.30+0.984100%0.320.84

Met17 sulfoxide (+16 Da)

Retention offset from the main peak
-0.66 min on RG-2
Mass difference
+15.995 Da
Reported in
4 of 4 records (100 %)
Level when reported
median 0.63 %, max 1.77 %
Resolution requirement
Baseline-resolved on the reference method.

C-terminal free acid (+1 Da)

Retention offset from the main peak
+0.28 min on RG-2
Mass difference
+0.984 Da
Reported in
4 of 4 records (100 %)
Level when reported
median 0.38 %, max 0.52 %
Resolution requirement
Close-eluting — resolution below 1.2 is common and the peaks merge on short gradients.

des-His1 (−137 Da)

Retention offset from the main peak
-0.82 min on RG-2
Mass difference
-137.059 Da
Reported in
4 of 4 records (100 %)
Level when reported
median 0.16 %, max 0.34 %
Resolution requirement
Baseline-resolved on the reference method.

deamidated (+1 Da)

Retention offset from the main peak
-0.30 min on RG-2
Mass difference
+0.984 Da
Reported in
4 of 4 records (100 %)
Level when reported
median 0.32 %, max 0.84 %
Resolution requirement
Baseline-resolved on the reference method.

Degradation pathways

Degradants are a handling finding rather than a synthesis finding. A lot that shipped clean and arrived oxidised tells you about the courier, not the chemist.

  • Met17 oxidation
  • C-terminal amide hydrolysis
  • rapid aqueous instability — hours, not days